Chemistry Topics - Form Three

 

TOPIC 1: Chemical Equations

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1. Molecular Equations

   • Write word equations for given chemical reactions

   • Write formula equations using chemical symbols

   • Balance chemical equations

2. Ionic Equations

   • Differentiate between molecular equations and ionic equations

   • Write balanced ionic equations

 

TOPIC 2: Hardness Of Water

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1. The Concept of Hardness of Water

   • Explain the concept of hardness of water

   • State causes of permanent and temporary hardness in water

2. Types of Hardness of Water

   • Identify types of hardness of water

   • Differentiate soft from hard water

3. Treatment and Purification of Hard Water

   • Examine process of hard water treatment and purification

   • Describe the importance of hard water treatment and purification

   • State the importance of hard water in daily life

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TOPIC 3: Acids, Bases And Salts

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1. Acids and Bases

   • Investigate the natural sources of acids and bases

   • Determine the reactions of acids with various materials

   • Determine the reactions of alkalis with various materials

   • Determine the reactions of bases with various substances

   • Applications of acid-base neutralization in everyday life

2. Indicators

   • Explain an indicator from locally available materials

   • Test the acidity and alkalinity of substance using indicators

   • Describe the concept of an indicator

3. Salts

   • Investigate the natural source of salts in daily life

   • Analyse the solubility of different salts in the laboratory

   • Prepare salts in the laboratory

   • Examine the effects of heat on salts

   • Explain the uses of different types of salts in everyday life

 

TOPIC 4: The Mole Concept And Related Calculations

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1. The Mole as a Unit of Measurement

   • Compare the mole with other units of measurements

   • Measure molar quantities of different substances

2. Application of the Mole Concept

   • Convert known masses of elements, molecules or ions to moles

   • Convert known volumes of gases at S.T.P to moles

   • Change masses of solids or volumes of known gases to actual number of parties

   • Prepare molar solutions of various soluble substances

   • Perform calculations based on the mole concept

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TOPIC 5: Volumetric Analysis Syllabus

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1. Standard Volumetric Apparatus

   • Explain the concept of volumetric analysis

   • Use volumetric apparatus

2. Standard Solutions

   • Explain the steps for preparation of standard solutions of common acids

   • Prepare standard solutions of bases

   • Carry out acid-base titration experiments

3. Volumteric Calculations

   • Standardize common mineral acids

   • Find the relative atomic mass of unknown element in an acid or alkali

   • Calculate the percentage purity of an acid or an alkali

   • Find the number of molecules of water of crystallization of a substance

4. Application of Volumetric Analysis

   • Explain the application of volumetric analysis in real life situations

   • Compare industrial and laboratory skills of volumetric analysis

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TOPIC 6: Ionic Theory And Electrolysis

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1. Ionic Theory

   • Distinguish electrolytes from non-electrolytes

   • Categorize weak and strong electrolytes

2. The Mechanisms of Electrolysis

   • Set up electrolytic cells of different electrolytes in the molten and aqueous states

   • Explain ionic migrations during electrolysis and the preferential discharge of ions at the electrodes

   • Perform experiments to identify the products of electrolysis when different electrolytes are used

   • Perform experiments to identify the products of electrolysis when different electrodes are used

3. Laws of Electrolysis

   • Carry out experiments to relate masses liberated and quantity of electricity passed

   • Carry out an experiment to verify Faraday’s First Law of Electrolysis

   • Carry out an experiment to verify Faraday’s Second Law of Electrolysis

   • Relate the chemical equivalents of elements and quantity of electricity passed

4. Application of Electrolysis

   • Outline the industrial purification of copper by electrolysis

   • Carry out an experiment on electroplating of metallic materials

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TOPIC 7: Chemical Kinetics, Equilibrium And Energetics 

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1. The Rate of Chemical Reactions

   • Compare the rates of chemical reactions

   • Perform experiments to measure the rates of chemical reactions

2. Factors Affecting the Rate of Chemical Reactions

   • Describe the effect of concentration on the rate of a reaction

   • Demonstrate the effect of temperature on the rate of a reaction

   • Show the effect of surface area of a solid on the rate of a reaction

   • Demonstrate the effect of catalyst on the rate of a reaction

3. Reversible and Irreversible Reactions

   • Compare reversible and irreversible reactions

   • Describe the concept of reversible and irreversible reactions

4. Equilibrium Reactions

   • Differentiate equilibrium reactions from simple reversible reactions

   • Describe two equilibrium reactions of industrial importance

5. Endothermic and Exothermic Reaction

   • Explain the concept of endothermic and exothermic reactions

   • Draw energy level diagrams for exothermic and endothermic reactions

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TOPIC 8: Extractions Of Metals

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1. Occurrence and Location of Metals in Tanzania

   • Identify locations of important metal ores in Tanzania

   • Compare the abundances of metals in the earth’s crust

2. Chemical Properties of Metals

   • Differentiate the physical and chemical strengths of metals

   • Compare the reducing Power of different metals

3. Extraction of Metals by Electrolytic Reduction

   • Outline the criteria for the choice of the best methods of extracting a metal from its ore

   • Explain the extraction of sodium from its ore

4. Extraction of Metals by Chemical Reduction

   • Describe the extraction of iron from its ore

5. Environmental Consideration

   • Identify environmental destruction caused by extraction of metals

   • Suggest intervention measures to rectify environmental destruction

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TOPIC 9: Compounds Of Metals

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1. Oxides

   • Prepare oxides of some metals by direct and indirect methods

   • Classify metal oxides

   • Demonstrate the reactions of metal oxides with water and dilute acids

   • Explain the uses of metal oxides

2. Hydroxides

   • Prepare hydroxides of some metals by direct and indirect methods

   • Classify metal hydroxides

   • Explain the chemical properties of metal hydroxides

   • Describe the uses of metal hydroxides

3. Carbonates and Hydrogen Carbonates

   • Prepare metal carbonate and hydrogen carbonates by different methods

   • Classify metal carbonates

   • Analyse the chemical properties of metal carbonates

   • Describe the uses of carbonates and hydrogen carbonates

4. Nitrates

   • Prepare metal nitrates

   • Explain the chemical properties of metal nitrates

   • Explain the uses of metal nitrates

5. Chlorides

   • Prepare metal chlorides by direct and indirect methods

   • Explain the chemical properties of metal chlorides

   • Explain the uses of metal chloride

6. Sulphates

   • Prepare soluble and insoluble sulphates

   • Explain chemical properties of sulphates